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pH - 5.4 - 6.5
Ash (dry basis, %) - 3 - 6
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm)
(1:1.5 Volume extraction method) - below 500
Cationic exchange capacity (meq/1 OOg) - 60 - 130
Total Organic matter (W/W, dry basis, %) - 94 - 98
Organic carbon (W/W, dry basis, %) - 45 - 50
Lignin (W/W, dry basis, %) - 65 - 70
Cellulose (W/W, dry basis %) - 20 - 30
Carbon : Nitrogen ratio - 80 : 1
Water Holding capacity (of dry weight) - 8 - 9 times
Air filled porosity (V/V, %) - 10 - 12
Total pore space (V/V, %) - 94 - 96
Appearance - Earthen granular and some short fibres
Colour - Light to dark brown
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